Describe 4 common sports injuries

The fibula is the splint bone on the outside of the lower stage, at that place atomic number 18 two types of breaks, the first being an open fracture which kernel the bone has ruptured the grate. A closed fracture does not rupture the skin and also a closed fracture is often treated by fitting a removable plastic cast. Healing time should be about 12 to 16 weeks.Unfortunately in Eduardos racing shell he suffered an open fracture caused by force so his study were splintered and ragged. Surgical fixing of the leg is then needed, which involves a large blast being inserted down the bone and then fixed together with plates and screws. This order improves reco really time and reduces muscle wastage due to immobilisation.Prompt medical solicitude limited the molest caused to Eduardos fibula. During an operation his fractured fibula was held together by pins. later the operation he required a leg cast. in the lead the leg cast was removed he was not allowed to put either weigh t on the brand so had to use crutches and have level(p) x-rays to check the pins and fusion of the bones. After the leg cast was removed he required intense physiotherapy to recover fully, due to the extent of his spot he was not able to play football for over a year. The wearing of shin pads reduces damage unless force is applied to the side of the leg as in this case.ConcussionThis is a traumatic brain injury which causes confusion, reflexes, speech and sleeping patterns. Movement of the brain from a heavy flak can cause concussion or unconsciousness much(prenominal)(prenominal) as blows to the head when boxing. The symptoms could be nausea, unequal pupils, headache, drowsiness and memory loss although in that location are well-nightimes no symptoms and no awareness of having concussion. intervention would be in infirmary if there is any suspected brain damage or bleeding to the brain such as in boxing. modest concussions can be treated with rest and pain killers to treat headaches. recovery can take between a a couple of(prenominal) days to months.After American boxer Leander Johnson died from prolong punches to the head during a boxing mark anti boxing organisations called for a ban on boxing. Leander died in hospital from injuries caused to his brain. Neurological scientists estimate that15-40 per cent of ex boxers have some form of chromic brain injury to the highest degreely caused from repeated concussions.Muscle atmosphere ( dun)A hamstring injury is a common strain in sport, it is also cognize as a pulled hamstring. The hamstring muscles are located in the upper leg, there are three muscles known as semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris.Depending on severity it would be a first, second or third degree strain and is caused by overstretching the muscle causing it to tear. Treatment would be rest, ice and elevation called the RICE protocol. Symptoms are a sudden sharp pain and you would also sustain pain when stretching or c ontracting the muscle.The hamstring can be damaged in most sporting activities such as running, cycling and football. To prevent a hamstring injury it is essential for an athlete to warm up correctly. Age, tiredness and earlier injuries all increase the risk of injury.Many footballers experience hamstring injuries such as Shay Given who was injured recently. The recovery time for such an injury varies greatly depending on the severity it could be anything from a few days to many months.BruisingBruising can be sustained in almost any sport a bruise is caused by vascular leakage of red blood cells into tissue. (Bleeding beneath the skin) this causes discolouration on the surface of the skin. The bruise changes colour as it heals such as chocolate-brown and yellow, some creams (which contain vitamin K) can speed up healing. Bruises would not intermeddle with sporting activity unless they extend to a large area such as a whole leg. They are usually painful to bear on and can be swol len but usually heal very quickly. Applying cold packs or ice to area aids with healing and pain. The homo champion judo fighter, Mike Swain has sustained many bruises during his career, as do many judo fighters. The bruising has never interfered with him being able to partake in a judo match.