Democracy and Dictatorship in Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

William Golding said I learned during World War II skilful how brutal people can be to each other. Not just the Japanese but everyone. In the book the Lord of the Flies, Golding tells us some World War II and the Holocaust by making Ralph represent democracy and knave represent dictatorship.In the beginning of the story the airplane that is way out to take the boys to a safe place gets shot down and landed in an island. Ralph represents democracy, when he and gluttonous find the conch, Piggy suggested We can use this to confabulate the others. We check a meeting. Theyll come if they hear us (16). Ralph is being democratic because he is giving them a choice if they want to go or not. He is also fair because he is going to have a meeting to decide what they are going to do. When they get together they decide that they need to have a chief. Roger says Lets have a vote Him with the conch Ralph, Ralph, Ralph (22). They started to notice that Ralph would be a good leader. They see in him what a chief demand to have, and the conch in his hands means power and authority. They all start talking at the same time and discussing about who has to be chief, the choir boys think that Jack should be the chief but the rest want Ralph to be the chief. I got the conch said piggy indignantly you let me speak (42). Piggy gets the conch because represents power so the rest of the boys had to let him talk and show respect, Piggy was really intelligent so that helped Ralph be a better leader because he would listen to Piggy and choose what was right.William Golding says that Jack represents dictatorship. He wanted to be the chief but the rest chose Ralph I cut the pigs throat (69) he said. He was the one that hunt the pigs but he needed to paint his face so the pig couldnt see him but he was also hard to hide from himself. He wanted to be better than the other and made them think he was tough. Jack was selfish and arrogant. He says who cares what you think fatty. He didnt ca re about the others needs and concerns. He thought that all he did and believed was right and nobody could beat him.

Machinery Hall, Centennial Exposition 1876, Philadelphia Essays

Machinery Hall, Centennial Exposition 1876, PhiladelphiaThe International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the city of Philadelphia was opened on the 10th day of May in the category 1876. As it was more commonly known, the Centennial Exposition was Americas first successful Worlds Fair. The fair celebrated the one hundred year anniversary of the Declaration of freedom and Americas start as a sovereign nation. It was at the Centennial Fair that Americans were given a chance to display their knowledge and power in the maturation industrialized world.Long gone were the days of single-structure exhibitions. The Philadelphia organizers peppered Fairmont Park with exhibition buildings and attractions, giving visitors much to look at. At the fair the United States sought to establish itself among the major(ip) countries of the world. The major buildings of the fair Memorial Hall, the Main Building, Machinery Hall, Horticultural Hall, the Womens Pavi lion and several national and state pavilions provided a suitable architectural framework for the exhibited materials. The most favourite of these buildings was Machinery Hall, built to house the countrys technological wonders of the past century (Snyder).Machinery Hall, four times the space of St. Peters in Rome (Bruce, 150) covered an area of 558,440 square feet (including its annex). Fairmont Park was at the time the largest and finest urban park in America (Mass, 16). After selecting the site for the fair, the Centennial Commission held a competition for the design of the exhibition buildings offering awards to the stature ten entries. The first prize was given to Collins & Autenrieth of Philadelphia whose design estimated construction ... ...usiasts to see what it was like to visit the fair first hand. Though these images are not always completely historically correct, they serve as an excellent tool for learning about the fairs.BibliographyBruce, Edward C. The Century Its F ruits and its Festival. Philadelphia J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1877.Maass, illusion. The glorious enterprise the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and H. J. Schwarzmann, architect-in-chief / John Maass. New York. American Life Foundation. 1973.Snyder, Iris. (February 2000) The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876 University of Delaware, Special Collections Department http//www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/cent.htm(25 February, 2001).Trout, Silas E. The Story of the Centennial of 1876. Lancaster, 1929. ARCH SPCEXP T825.B1T7Westcott, Thompson. A Centennial Portfolio. Philadelphia, T. Hunter, 1876.

Stem Cell Research - Embryonic Stem Cells are Human Essay -- Argumenta

Embryonic Stem Cells are Human Some parties in the military personnel-embryo stem-cell research (ESCR) debate are oblivious to one basic fact Embryonic Stem Cells Are Human - which is the focus of this essay. ESCR involves post-conception research, regardless of how well the proponents evidence to disguise the fact. Its either a life or its not a life, and its not much of an argument to say the embryo is spill to die anyway. What benignant of principle is that? Prisoners on death row are going to die anyway, the homeless are going to die anyway, prisoners in Nazi death camps were going to die anyway. Why not start disemboweling prisoners for these elusive cures? Meanwhile, every Republican with a doddering, 90-year-old parent seems to be enthusiastically supportive on experimenting on human embryos, or blastocysts, as they are affectionately k at presentn to the scientific community. This generation is so appalled at the idea of having to take care of mom and dad, now theyre lashing out at embryos. Admittedly, the real problem is with the creation of test-tube...

Dan Rather :: essays research papers

Before I begin, Id homogeneous to thank the person who made it possible for me to be here with you all today. President Bill Clinton. By scheduling his trip to Moscow just so, I had enough of a pause between my trips to japan and Oklahoma city and Russia that it was possible to make it to Hartford today. Id also like to thank John Boyer. Somehow he got it into his head that I like two -- which I do -- and that I might know something about him -- which I dont. At least I am honest about it. However, you may postulate to consider that Mark Twain and I share certain unshakable philosphical similarities. We both lived in Connecticut for a while. We both like to fish. We both like to play hooky. We both like cigars. But Mark Twains wife allowed him to light his cigars. (You can only imagine the sort of career I mightve had if my wife permit me light my cigars.owever, like the President, I am only permitted to chew mine.) Im not unaware that the giving of lectures on Mark Twain is mor e commonly the field of force of academics. To be enjoyed by other academics. Academics can ask questions such as, "Was Huck black?" To which the rest of us would merely reply, "No." Academics prefer debate all over simple questions. Academics arent like you and me. At least, theyre not like me. Such things are way over my head. I am a proud graduate of surface-to-air missile Houston State Teachers College Huntsville, Texas. While those of us who went in that location know it to be the Yale or UConn of our part of the world, were perfectly well aware that most people this far northeastward have never heard of the place. Sam Houston State has about as much ivy growing on it as your average Burger King or McDonalds. I say all these things to underscore one thing. There may be great experts on the work of Mark Twain -- perhaps there are several in this room. But very few if any such great experts are graduates of Sam Houston State Teachers College. And I am not such a one. Its with that understanding that I proceed today. I dont pretend any expertise in the works of Mark Twain. I tend not to interpret much. I enjoy. In preparing for my visit I did a lot of reading and re-reading, and I did a lot of laughing out loud.

Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay -- Up from Slavery

The book, Up From Slavery, written by Booker Taliaferro Washington, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame many obstacles throughout his life. He became by chance the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through command rather than by demanding equal rights. Washingtons life story was told during the mid to late 1800s into the early 1900s, in the time when the Emancipation declaration had gone into effect. The Emancipation Proclamation was one major event in history that forever changed our country. All slaves were free and had to go find a stark naked place to live and a new place to work. When the slaves were first freed there was alot ofhostile feelings from the whites towards the newly freed slaves. To blacks living within post- Reconstruction South, Washington offered industrial education as the means of escape from sharecropping and onlyowed blacks to frame self-employed, while owning their own land, or small business. Booker over came the obstacles of the free black man by educating himself and other blacks to become equal to whites. Until the start of World War I African Americans had a difficult time. His speaking tours and private persuasion tried to equalize public educational opportunities and to reduce racial violence. There were many gains earned after the Civil War seemed lost by the time of World War I because racial violence and lynching reached an all time high. However, both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the National Urban League (NUL) were founded by blacks and whites during this time. both(prenominal) of these major civil rights organizations make efforts on the part of blacks and their white allies to insure that the united States provides freedom and justice to all. The year of Washingtons death tag the beginning of the Great Migration fr om the rural South to the urban North. He is known as one of the best civil rights leaders for the African American plenty in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Booker began his life as a slave for the Burroughs family. He was born inFranklin Co., Virginia around the year 1858 or 1859, he was not sure exactly when he was born because there was never any paper work kept on slaves. His mo... ...to be equally educated. His speeches not only attracted the black people but also, northern and southern white people. Booker worked hard for all that he achieved during his life time. People all over were followers of Booker T. Washington. One example of how much these followers appreciated Washington is through raising money for a trip to Europe. non just anyone went to Europe in those days. The trip showed how much the people appreciated Bookers efforts for civil rights and education of blacks. They senthim and his wife away for troika months of strictly relaxation. I believ e that this is a very inspirational book giving the message you cando anything if you put your mind to it. Booker shows his referee this through all the things he does in his life time. This book was a very enjoyable book to read. I would highly recommend all people to read Up From Slavery to see the impact Booker T. Washington had on the African American civil rights that are present in the United States today. I believe that Up From Slavery showed how blacks improved their economic situation through gaining education.BibliographyUp From Slavery by Booker T. Washington

Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay -- Up from Slavery

The book, Up From Slavery, written by booker Taliaferro upper-case letter, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame numerous obstacles throughout his life. He became perhaps the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through education rather than by de creationding equal rights. Washingtons life story was told during the mid to late 1800s into the early 1900s, in the time when the Emancipation Proclamation had gone into effect. The Emancipation Proclamation was one major event in history that forever changed our country. All slaves were free and had to go find a new place to live and a new place to work. When the slaves were first freed there was alot ofhostile feelings from the whites towards the newly freed slaves. To blacks living within post- Reconstruction South, Washington offered industrial education as the means of escape from shargon cropping and all toldowed blacks to become self-employed, while owning their own land, or small business. Booker over came the obstacles of the free black man by educating himself and other blacks to become equal to whites. Until the start of humankind War I African Americans had a difficult time. His speaking tours and private persuasion tried and true to equalize public educational opportunities and to reduce racial violence. There were many gains earned after the Civil War seemed lost by the time of World War I because racial violence and lynching reached an all time high. However, both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the National urban League (NUL) were founded by blacks and whites during this time. Both of these major civil rights organizations make efforts on the part of blacks and their white allies to insure that the United States provides freedom and justice to all. The year of Washingtons death marked the beginning of the Great Migration from the rural South to the urban North. He is known as one of the best civil rights leading for the African American people in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Booker began his life as a slave for the Burroughs family. He was born inFranklin Co., Virginia around the year 1858 or 1859, he was not sure exactly when he was born because there was never any paper work unbroken on slaves. His mo... ...to be equally educated. His speeches not only attracted the black people but also, northern and southern white people. Booker worked hard for all that he achieved during his life time. People all over were followers of Booker T. Washington. One example of how much these followers appreciated Washington is through raising currency for a trip to Europe. Not just anyone went to Europe in those days. The trip showed how much the people appreciated Bookers efforts for civil rights and education of blacks. They movehim and his wife away for three months of strict ly relaxation. I believe that this is a very inspirational book giving the message you cando anything if you stage your mind to it. Booker shows his reader this through all the things he does in his life time. This book was a very enjoyable book to read. I would highly recommend all people to read Up From Slavery to see the impact Booker T. Washington had on the African American civil rights that are present in the United States today. I believe that Up From Slavery showed how blacks improved their economic situation through gaining education.BibliographyUp From Slavery by Booker T. Washington

Education Dialog Essay

What does it mean to be an educated person? There is no simple, out-right, correct answer to this question. Everyone will have a slightly, if not very, different answer. What does it mean to be a liberall(a)y educated person?is misleading, deeply so, because it suggests that one mess somehow take a separate of courses, or accumulate a authorized number of credits, or undergo an obligatory set of learning experiences, and emerge liberally educated at the land up of the process. Nothing could be further from the truth (William Cronon 5) To me an education is about grasping not specific facts, but concepts as a whole, to gain knowledge of things that can be applied to not just the status quo but things in the future as well. To be properly educated one must discover an open mind, be able to take all the sides of an argument into account and be able to see where they atomic number 18 coming from.To be educated,, is to be bounteous of ignorance, to not let our own emotions and exp eriences corrupt our view, to be able to think for yourself and think critically at that, but also to comprehend what is being say to you, or what you are reading and under defend that your learning will never end. No matter the amount of knowledge you have on a certain topic there will always be more to learn, either on that topic or other topics and an educated person knows that, so they are always striving to learn more. Critical thinking is a huge part of being considered educated. You forefathert just listen to hear soulfulness talk, and you dont read to just see letters form words on a page, you do these things so you can derive core from the words written in a book and the words coming from a persons mouth.How does one measure intelligence? How would you know where you stand compared to others? This is where things get a little tricky. From my own experience in the public education system we were given facts, dates, places and names to be memorized for screen outs. How more than you could memorize presently translated to what grade you would get on a test. Students would cram right before an exam, and their minds would only retain that knowledge for a couple days at most. In my English class my teacher spent the whole year preparing us for one test at the end of the year, one test. We were actually given the test three times before the final exam. You were given the correct answers and all you had to do was memorize it, if you could memorize the answers you would get an A grade. I dont get how standardized tests are used to measure intelligence since there isnt a standardized person. I believe standardized tests should be made with essay topics to give students a chance to explain their thinking, their whysI can understand why certain subjects become significant when trying to shape a well rounded educated person, such as math, history, writing and composition. History would be about the only subject in which there could be too much focus on dat es and facts, to where they begin to dismiss the Why did they do that? because theyre focusing on the fact that they did do it. We are taught history so we can do our best to prevent repeating it, the facts wont really help all too much in that, but the critical thinking will. We need to be aware of whats going on around us, notice when things are beginning to stir. We all must be educated to advance in our world, to learn from our mistakes, to make new mistakes and set forth a course to the ideal of a perfect tense world or to achieve a perfect education.

Memory, thinking and intelligence

Early researchers believed intuition was a general or unitary trait beca habit scores on diverse measures of intelligence including verbal cap office, numerical competence and abstract reasoning were highly correlated (Spearman, 1972). However, modern theories or intelligence have defined intelligence in terms of multiple dimensions. Two of the some known intelligence theory is that of Gardners multiple intelligence and Sternbergs triarchic model. The two theories are similar in that they posit that intelligence is not a single trait but rather is made up of subcomponents, however distinct differences exist between them.Gardner (1983) argues for the notion of multiple intelligences and proposes eight relatively self-sustaining types of intelligence which implicate linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences. He also says that we can develop these intelligences through environmental enrichment , the strength of our intelligences on the eight types lies in a continuum, that there are different ways of demonstrating our proficiency in intelligence and that they work together in complex ways. Gardner defines intelligence as the human ability to solve problems or to make something that is valued in one or more cultures.Sternberg (1990) had proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence. According to Sternberg, intelligence is made up of subcomponents that include the processes that underlie behavior or the componential intelligence, the ability to relate to novel tasks or new ideas in ones environment or existential intelligence, and the ability to adapt, select or shape ones environment or contextual intelligence. For Sternberg, intelligence is purposive adaptation to, selection of and shaping of real-world environment applicable to ones life and abilities (Sternberg, 1989).In comparing multiple intelligence to the triarchic theory of intelligence, we can observe that MI has e mphasized the content and construct of intelligence while Sternberg focused on the way people gather and use information. Multiple intelligence theory identified eight types of intelligence and has encouraged the educational community to think of student intelligence in these terms and that each of the types should be enriched and developed. While Sternberg, stresses the process by which a student acquire, learn and use information and knowledge and these abilities are intelligences that is always present in all of us and can be enhance by further training and education.I believe that Sternbergs triarchic model of intelligence is more relevant in psychology today than multiple intelligence. The theory holds that intelligence is made up of componential, experiential and contextual abilities which are reflective of the traditions of psychology, to understand behavior, to learn through experience and to be masters of our environment. Thus the model has wider implication in the field of psychology, at present it has been used to understand the intellective abilities of racial and minority groups in schoolhouse (Suzuki & Aronson, 2005).It has also been applied extensively by a gifted and talented school and has yielded positive results such as improved test scores and teacher morale (English, 1998). The theory has also been applied to adult education (Sharan & Rosemary, 1998). Moreover, the theory is strengthened upon a solid tradition of scientific rigor and academic discourse, it has been supported by researches along the years although it has been surpassed in popularity by MI.ReferencesCaffarella, R. & Sharan, R. (1998). Learning in maturity A Comprehensive Guide 2nd ed.Jossey-Bass.English, L. (1998) Uncovering Students Analytic, Practical and Creative Intelligences OneSchools Application of Sternbergs Triarchic Theory. School Administrator, Retrieved July 2, 2006 from http//www.aasa.org/publications/content.cfm?ItemNumber=4284Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of M ind. New York BasicGardner, H. (1987). Developing the spectrum of human intelligences. Harvard educationalReview, 57, 187-193Sternberg, R. (1988). The Triarchic Mind. New YorkSternberg, R. (1990). Metaphors of mind Conceptions of the nature of intelligence. New YorkCambridge University PressSuzuki, L. Aronson, J. (2005). The cultural malleability of intelligence and its impact on theracial/ethnic hierarchy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 11, (2) 320327

Knowledge and Power

intimacy is military unit or is it? The assertion that companionship is motive has been variously attri saveed to Sir Francis Bacon and Albert Einstein, as considerably as many other nonable and obscure figures. only perhaps Eudora Welty, Flannery OConnor, and Richard Wright all screw otherwise, as demonstrated in their respective stories The pinched Path, A Good Man Is hard-fought To Find, and The Man Who Was Almost A Man.These stories each show that companionship is not an unattackable bestower of actor that business office does not logically and inevitably follow once one givees intimacy. Neither ar the terms friendship and might mutually exclusive, scarce, as digest be seen in the chase analysis of the short stories mentioned above, the force out resulting from familiarity further comes if the person have goting the familiarity knows how to hold it, and if the person then also feels correctly. The power gained from familiarity is not an absolute po wer, but is, to a certain extent, subjective.Let us first look at phoenix Jackson, the central character in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path and perhaps the most powerful character in any of the three stories. capital of Arizona has gained cognition, and therefore power, from years of quietly studying human behavior, from salaried close attention to her surroundings, and from her bear self-importance-aw beness of how she affects others in the world. Phoenix Jackson might appear at first glance to be lacking any power she is an elderly, frail-looking woman whose eyesight is failing.Phoenix is also a truly poor woman with few valuable possessions poor people in her position be virtually always seen as lacking power. However, upon closer observation the reader bum see that Phoenix is a very powerful woman indeed. Phoenix uses her knowledge of her physical surroundings to enable her to move to the highest degree in a rather dangerous world, full of obstacles both animate and inanimate . On her tour into town Phoenix encounters many potential dangers, but because she is knowledgeable about their existence, she avoids harm. This capacity to keep herself safe is one trait which makes her a powerful woman.Phoenix even appears to use visualization to help her get across the creek her ability to visualize the log and her safe passage is another form of knowledge which makes her powerful. Phoenix has body knowledge she has developed the capacity to remember where her body should go, even as her eyesight fails her. The reason this body knowledge makes Phoenix powerful is that she is conscious of the knowledge and of how to use it for example, when Phoenix reaches the city and depended on her feet to know where to take her. (Welty, p. 5). Later in the story we see Phoenix walking up the steps of her destination, until her feet knew to stop. (Welty, p. 6)Phoenix Jackson has also gained power during her long life with her knowledge about human behavior. Phoenix knows how to use both her own self as well as others re bring throughs for her own purposes. Phoenix is seen manipulating the white hunter so that she notify prep atomic number 18 his fallen money into her own pocket. Phoenix knows, aft(prenominal) only a very brief encounter, that the hunters ego cigaret be easily manipulated for her own purposes. The hunter wishes to appear strong and in control, which Phoenix knows as she reminds the hunter that she needs to be rescued from the cur which ahs knocked her over. Phoenix is able to pocket the money while the hunter is occupied with ridding her of the dog. hotshot cannot manipulate others without possessing some sort of power, and powerful Phoenix is seen manipulating others at least twice more than as the story proceeds. Phoenix knows, almost instinctively it seems, who she can stop on the street to ask for assistance with her shoes. But this small gesture is full of knowledge Phoenix could get down stopped any bite of people on the bu sy street, but consciously chose to stop a certain woman. whitethornhap Phoenix knew that this particular woman would be more given up to help her, as she appears to be a nice lady (Welty, p. 6) full of Christmas spirit, heavy as her arms ar with presents.Phoenix again uses her knowledge about human behavior in order to manipulate the attendant at the clinic, who feels compelled to give a pitiful old woman some money. It is not polish off whether Phoenix is manipulating the nurse in order to get medication for herself or whether she does indeed establish a grandson waiting at home, but the nurse is manipulated by Phoenix nevertheless, as she uses her age as an excuse for memory loss.The grandmother in Flannery O Connors short story, A Good Man Is Hard To Find, is not so self- cognisant as Phoenix and it is her failure to use her knowledge powerfully which gets her killed in the end. The grandmother does indeed ca-ca knowledge but somehow is unable to use it to her advantage.It is an interesting side-note that the grandmother, the mother, and bolshie Sams wife are the only characters in OConnors story who are not given names even the cat has a name. Perhaps OConnor used this as a subtle indicator of who did and did not gestate power. Indeed, neither the grandmother nor the mother appear to be very powerful characters in this story and Red Sams wife, though not a central character, is portrayed as simply chattel for her husband, who orders her around and treats her dismissively.John Wesleys and June Stars grandmother knows from her years on earth that a good man is indeed hard to find she knows that truly trustworthy people are rare treasures among the human race. The grandmothers discussion with Red Sam shows us that she is aware of but how devious people can be. The grandmother knows that people are inherently untrustworthy.However, the grandmothers knowledge does not then result in her having power, for she does not use the knowledge correctly. The gr andmother gave up the potential power of her knowledge when she revealed what she knew during the encounter with the Misfit. When the grandmother recognised the Misfit, she could have used this knowledge to protect her family.Perhaps Eudora Weltys Phoenix Jackson would have used the grandmothers knowledge in some deceitfulness way to manipulate the Misfit. But OConnors grandmother is not as powerful as Weltys character, simply because she fails to cultivate her knowledge into a powerful tool. The grandmother was knowledgeable but still powerless to save her own and her familys lives.The third character who shows us that knowledge is not necessarily power is Dave, in Richard Wrights The Man Who Was Almost a Man. Dave shows us that the power from knowledge is partially subjective and not an indisputable fact. The reader sees very quickly that Dave feels small, not only in his physical stature but in his standing among his peers in the community. This feeling of smallness is what make s Dave feel virtually powerless.Dave appears to have very limited knowledge of human behavior and of himself as a developing man. Fear is a large factor in Daves misshapen perception of what pass on give him power. Dave is scared of other boys who are all bigger than him he has also been raised to be scared of the adults in his life. This guardianship has given Dave the knowledge that, if one is feared, one has power. Of course this knowledge is flawed.But Daves knowledge is not a mature, conscious knowledge it is a knowledge born of his own very limited backwoods experience in the world. Dave sees that, if he can scare others as others have scared him, he give become a powerful man. Once Dave has knowledge of how a gun makes him feel, he thinks he has discovered an important part of becoming a man. Perhaps the most important discovery made by Dave is that his actions have consequences once Dave kills the mule, he sees that something he has done has made a difference, albeit a ne gative difference, but a difference in the world all the same.Although Daves knowledge has the potential to give him power, it is not well developed and is based in fear. thereof his knowledge may make him an even less powerful person. Dave does not know how to use his new-found knowledge. Instead of making him a powerful person, his knowledge may be turning him into a dangerous person as the flawed knowledge becomes more entrenched into his in-personity. acquaintance is power.the central characters in the stories analyze above each show us, in their own way, that this statement is very over-simplified and not necessarily true. Power can indeed come from having knowledge. But that knowledge moldiness be carefully cultivated and used appropriately in order to then provide power. And there are occasions when we can have knowledge but lack the awareness to use that knowledge to our advantage, or power.Last, if we have knowledge but lack the conviction that we have power to use our kn owledge in useful ways, we are still left as powerless as if we did not have the knowledge at all. So power resulting from knowledge must also include self-awareness, awareness of others, and the ability to adapt our knowledge to particular situations. Only then can we say that knowledge is power.Knowledge and PowerScientia Potentia Est, a famous aphorism that is otherwise furnishd as For also Knowledge itself is Power, was imaginationualized during the late 16th century by the world-renowned Philosopher and Statesman of that time, Sir Francis Bacon. Indeed, Sir Bacon developed an understanding of the idea that by accumulating knowledge, one is able to exert, impose or influence power (as can be inferred) towards another.For instance, a person who has accumulated knowledge can withhold himself or herself from sharing this knowledge to others. Thus, a sort of personal advantage develops between those who have knowledge and those who want knowledge. The former, if desired, can at lo ng last influence the actions of the latter if the existing desire for knowledge is used against them. Otherwise, the same result could also be inferred from the opposite once knowledge is shared by the person who has accumulated them, power is reflected in the whiz that the person who has shared it had the privilege of sharing it.Such an example only perpetuates the idea of ambiguity of the concept of power. Indeed, power, in all its forms and contexts, is a concept that has been contested my many scholars and philosophers alike for decades, even centuries. Some rival power in the form of having the ability of exercising coercion. Others relate the concept with the possession of material wealth. Still further, others profess that power is somehow associate to social class. Unfortunately, these credible attempts at establishing links to the concept of power only express supplementary ambiguity to the term.For example, even though power can be somehow related to the ability of usi ng force (coercion), the term can also be associated with the ability of persuasion a rather mild version of quasi-coercion that does not involve the usage of force. The same thing goes with the idea of power as equaled to the possession of material wealth and as represented by social class. Contrary to the latter statement, intangible or incorporeal wealth can also be associated with power as a substitute for material wealth. Also, behind social class lie the idea of power as related to personal or group charisma and expertise. In other words, a person belonging to the highest social class in society cannot be more powerful over those that are below his social class if those one-on-ones under his class are more charismatic and more adequate and excellent in terms of abilities and skills.Having identified the cumbersome and volatile nature of power, is it still plausible to conclude that knowledge is indeed power? Is there a relevant community between the two concepts? If none, c an a relevant connection be established no matter how arguable or refutable? Basically, does the possession of knowledge represent the possession of power?To answer this question, let us first understand how scholars and philosophers of the past have identified and/or defined power during their time.The wide 19th century philosopher, Sir Friedrich Nietzsche, often described the concept of power as something that expresses ones domination over other human beings. If so, then knowledge could indeed be a theme of power since the ignorance of knowledge denotes inferiority in logical thinking and skillful know-how thus, disavowing the ability or opportunity of the individual to dominate others who do possess knowledge. However, another dilemma may arise from the latter statement. If knowledge is truly a source of power, how come individuals who do possess knowledge are not powerful?The answer, of course, is that knowledge in itself is not power. In order for knowledge to become a sourc e of power, the individual must be able to aptly apply or exercise his or her knowledge in the form of actions for the purposes of achieving or producing results. As some scholars have put it, knowledge is power only if one knows how to use it. Truly, if one individual possesses a myriad amount of knowledge but does not know how to translate it into action, then power is not represented. This concept, however, does not stray away from the concept of knowledge as a source of power nor does it emanate from the idea of action as a source of power rather than the mere possession of knowledge.It must be understood that actions are determined by the individuals mind. If a certain amount of knowledge is absent indoors the individuals cognitive processes then the action executed may not issue tremendous results that are reflective of the representation of power. However, if knowledge is indeed present, chances are that actions executed may produce excellent results that would be quite sup erior to actions that are conducted without knowledge. Simply said, actions augmented by knowledge reflect power on the part of the individual (superiority).In order to make the preceding points more plausible, let us try establishing the concept in a certain field or study. In this instance, let us put the concept of power as knowledge into the workplace in this case a skunk.Most corporations possess similar theories of organization ranging from the classical theory of organization to the more systematic (systems) theory of organization. And with these models comes a array of different levels, styles or concepts of hierarchy and/or bureaucracy (formal and informal, orthodox or unorthodox). In other words, corporations always try to establish a division of power among its leaders and workers. Now, let us try to apply the concept of knowledge as power in a leader-worker relationship. Leaders of corporations, in all intents and purposes, are the decision-makers of the entire system .Workers, on the other hand, have more of a hands-on approach compared to their respective leaders. As far as the relationship goes, it is the leader who will decide how the workers will act. Now, the question is, is this a simple form of exercising power? Is the authority of the leader over the workers a concrete example of power in the form of knowledge? The answer, of course, is no it is not a simple form of power illuminated by knowledge at least not completely. One possible reason why this is so is because the relationship between the two actors reflect two issues as can be inferred from the general concept of power.First, the source of power as reflected from the leader can mostly likely be originating from his or her given authority. In other words, it is the granted authority of the corporation that is providing the leader his or her own personal power and not his or her own possession of knowledge. Second, the worker cannot be subject to inferiority since the worker is awa re that his or her job is to simply follow orders. For power to be present, one must be able to persuade or force an individual to do what he or she wishes. Otherwise, if the worker decides not to follow the orders of the leader, then it can be inferred that the worker is expressing power over the leader (charisma or personal ability). But that is another issue.If so, how is knowledge as a source of power reflected in a leader-worker relationship? One possible explanation could be found from the personal histories of both actors.Respective or high positions in most corporations require excellent abilities or practical know-how. As such, no normal individual can just apply or be promoted to such a position if the individual does not possess the necessary skills or abilities that the position requires. Simply said, leaders are on their respective positions simply because they possess the required skills and as a result, are thoroughly capable of fulfilling its functions.Workers, on th e other hand, may not possess these prerequisites or capabilities. However, this does not imply that workers are not knowledgeable. This merely implies that workers are yet on the verge of acquiring or developing the necessary knowledge for fulfilling the functions that are required by the position. And where can a worker acquire this necessary knowledge? The answer, definitely, is quite reflective of the answer to the whole problem of where can the idea of knowledge as power be inferred from a leader-worker relationship from the leader.Indeed, if a worker wishes to achieve the same position as that of his or her own leader, then that worker must first develop knowledge based from his or her work and eventually acquire knowledge from his or her own leader. If recognized (or desired), the leader who possesses the knowledge that is required by the worker can now express or exercise power over the worker in the sense that the leader now has the choice of whether or not to impart his o r her own knowledge to the worker.Going back to the previous points, if an individual withholds his or her own knowledge from sharing it to others, then power is gained in the form of an advantage thus, producing a sense of superiority. As one head of a corporation has put it, Knowledge is power and you do not share power. The worker, however, can try to acquire knowledge of the same context from others and that action might change the idea of power in a leader-worker relationship. However, it is very unlikely that this is to happen for if the worker decides to gather power outside of his or her own corporation that knowledge may well be different from what the corporation may require or need.As mentioned earlier, power is a concept that has been contested my many scholars and philosophers alike for centuries. To suddenly come up with a personal explanation of power in the form of the possession of knowledge is something not new in the world of power.As demonstrated, power is a real ly ambiguous term, let alone be defined in terms of knowledge. However, one cannot deny the fact that knowledge is indeed a source of power for if knowledge is absent, one will not be able to exercise the myriad forms of power over others.In conclusion, if knowledge (in any form) is present within an individual and that that individuals counterpart possesses a certain amount of ignorance of over the same type of knowledge, then the former is most likely to be more powerful over the latter. Simply put, the possession of knowledge is superiority over those who do not possess knowledge.Works CitedCaruso, Denise. Knowledge is Power only if you know how to use it. March 2007 The New York Times 21 November 2007, http//www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/business/yourmoney/11frame.html?_r=1&oref=sloginWimmer, Sandra. For Illinois Agency, Knowledge is Power and Promise. August 2005 Government Procurement 21 November 2007,http//www.allbusiness.com/ governing body/government-procurement/1162860-1.htm lLloyd, Bruce. The Paradox of Power. May 1996 The Futurist 21 November 2007,http//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development-leadership/553463-1.htmlGrant, Beau. Knowledge is POWER. October 2005 Government Procurement 21 November 2007, http//www.allbusiness.com/management/928236-1.html

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

In the sasss so many terms were being thrown around trying to explain what schizophrenic disorder was. It took t unhealed the betimes sasss for a man named Emil Kremlin to truly discover what the disease was and bring together the earlier descriptions (Berries, Lulus, & Joss, 2003). . He decided to call it dementia praecox which meant dementia paranoids. It was partially taken from latten version off man names Morel (Berries, Lulus, & Joss, 2003).Kremlin was able to make the discovery cause he biased it on empirical observation through discover and recording thousands of case histories, then by following up with his patients. He was able to fugue show up the dementia praecox and manic depressive insanity were able to be separated by symptom, course, and outcome (Berries, Lulus, & Joss, 2003). Schizophrenia is still sensation of the most mysterious and costliest psychical disorders in terms of human suffering and societal using up (van So, 2009). In the earlier storey of Schiz ophrenia treated through cryosurgery.Cryosurgery is the interference Offs psychiatric disease through neurological treatments. While is has a controversial history it was widely used in the early to mid 19th century. One of the first accounts happened in the mid 18th century when a man named Phonies stack was hurt at work. A tamping iron was shot through the frontal lobe while work (Creighton, 2001). While most would think this would kill a person, he gained consciousness soon after the accident. Gage went from being an intelligent well- liked man to being an angry and hostile shut in.This left the psychology knowledge base on its toes. They realized at that place was a disruption in his frontal lobe that affected his rationality, and that this could be duplicated in hopes of helping others. The frontal leucotomy was proposed as a authority treatment for schizophrenia because, by creating lesions in the frontal cortex, abnormal activity, presumably originating in this region, would be prevented from spreading to other aras of the brain, which could worsen the symptoms of the disease (Mathews, Wellington, Dead, Robinson, Luck, Jose, & Erich, 2013).During the sasss a force was developed called the closed lobotomy, however by the sasss these practices were stopped because the surgeries caused extensive brain injuries and the pressure of the public. Schizophrenia was unmatchable of the conditions for which these treatments were used (Mathews, 2013). Then the use of antispasmodic came into set and these practices were no longer needed. Like many other neuropsychiatry disorders, there is a typical onset age of late adolescence and early adulthood.The thinking is that this could be a critical period in brain development, which would make the person vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology. While the incidence of schizophrenia varies across environments and different migrant groups, symptoms, course, and treatment response do so as well. Genetic vulnerabi lity is sh atomic number 18s in part with bipolar disorder and recent molecular genetics purposes indicated an overlap with develop psychogenic disorder such as autism.Doctors are using nonrecurring studies to focus on this age range, which will in turn provide helpful insight into the factual insight of the disease (Goat, Was, Taste, Wood, & Panatelas, 2011) There has been evidence that patients suffering from schizophrenia end up experiencing much life events when healthy individuals. These life events could be because of the patients style, or totally environmental (Farrago, 2008). When looked at these events could be because of the presence of psychiatric condition. However, the quality of interaction between patient and family affects the patients relapse rate (Farrago, 2008).While a positive and loving location towards the patient may be productive, it is sometimes hard for a family to respond well to the disease. If the person suffers from paranoid schizophrenia then t hey will lash out at the family and have hallucinations involving the family. This makes it hard for the family to handle. Also, when the patient goes off meds these things get worse. There is so much stigma surrounding schizophrenia. Will the person hurt me? When are they going to go crazy? Can I catch it? Even to the point that there is a lower priority of mental health function and care received.At times there is a hard time getting good quality of staff to work in these services. Then there is the result of finding proper housing for nation who suffer from this disease, not to mention the social isolation patients feel. There is a long history of intolerance towards mental abnormality. As well as the reaction, others have towards it. This has only progressively gotten worse over the past two centuries. However this is only part of he story, mental illness has besides been linked to discrimination as well.While schizophrenia affects about 1% of the worlds population, the cau se is still unknown (Nines, 2010). The easiest way to combat the fear is with education. principle people as well as families how to handle a patient, and that they often have to a greater extent lucid moments then not. Bipolar Disorder The ancient Greeks and Romans were accountable for the terms mania and melancholia, which are not the modern day manic and depressive. They discovered that using lithium salts in there baths calmed manic patients and lifted there sprits Cranks, 2012).Today, lithium is a common treatment for bipolar patients. While it is thought that many people were executed because they had a mental illness, being that religious people believed that these people were possessed by demons and should therefore be put to death (Cranks, 2012). Bipolar is most often diagnosed in young patients showing first major depressive episodes. In these cases, diagnosis normally only based on psychiatric history taken, not on the patients current state (Holman, Goth, Wkeel, Posta l, & Blet, 2008). These patients also suffer with hypotonic episodes.Hypotonic episodes are characterized by a distinct period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting throughout at least 4 days and present for most of the day nearly every day. These Patients are normally diagnosed with Bipolar II (Psych Central Staff, 2013). While Bipolar, or manic- depressive disorder is a frequent, sever, mostly recurrent mood disorder it is also associated with great morbidity. The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder is 1. 3 to 1. 6% (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, & Bauer, 2002). The death rate of bipolar is two to three times higher than that of the general population.On average about 10-20% of individuals suffering from Bipolar disorder will take their own haves, with one thirdly of patients saying they have attempted it (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, & Bauer, 2002). Bipolar is not a sexist disease, it does not discriminate. Except for the diagnosis of rapid-cyclin g, while being the most sever stock of the disease, it is more common in women (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, & Bauer, 2002). The peak age of onset falls between age 15 and 24 courses, although there is often a 5-10- year interval before treatment is finally sought.Living with a person who has Bipolar disorder involves learning how to deal with the disruptions that their symptoms can cause, supporting that person through their recovery, and finding ways to cope with the effects on the family (Heretofore, 2013). Bipolar can really cause a strain on a family, depending on well managed the illness is (Heretofore, 2013). When the patients mood swings are mild, the family may experience some distress, but over time and with proper education about the illness, they can learn to manage. According to the subject Institute of Mental Health, more than 5 million Americans eave bipolar disorder (Dickinson, 2007).The illness, which affects not only your own personal health and well-being but also your relationships with friends and family, can respond well to treatment (Dickinson, 2007). Stigma is debilitating for mental illnesses for any disease across the board. While the patient is struggling with the symptoms and disabilities that result from the disease, they are challenged with the stereotypes and prejudices that result from the misconceptions about mental illness (Shame, Chairmanship, Vivian, & Woolworth, 2013). These people face challenges tit everyday life, Jobs, housing, health care, as well as dealing with people.Even the people that are family or caregivers have reported being stigmatize, 43 to 92% (Shame, Germans, Vivian, & Woolworth, 2013). Article Journals Summaries Facial expressions of emotions and schizophrenia A review. Schizophrenia Bulletin This Journal explains how three studies were performed on patients with Schizophrenia. They were interested to see how patients showed a reduced ability to perceive and express facial nerve emotions. They looked at decoding studies and their ability to perceive universally recognized facial expressions.It was found that while Schizophrenics have a harder time displaying positive facial expressions, they were able to show negative feels, such as fear. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons expose to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Coherency Accident This study was performed on 100 workers of the Coherency EX how had worked as Liquidators-volunteers for 5 or more hearsays and 1987. This was brought about because in 1990 there was a spike in the amount of patients being diagnosed with Schizophrenia. This was compared against the general population.The thought was hat ionizing radiation may be work as an environmental trigger and causing a predisposition to schizophrenia, or cause schizophrenia-like disorders. The study says that a person exposed to 0. 30 SF or more are at a higher hazard of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A Prospective Cohort Study of Genetic and Perennial Inf luences in the Etiology of Schizophrenia This study was preformed to figure out whether or not fetal hypoxia and other obstetric complications are related to the risk of adults developing Schizophrenia, also to see if whether all(prenominal) case is specific to early onset.They used 72 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 63 of their siblings not diagnosed, and 7,941 non-psychiatric controls. They used longitudinal based study. They were able to find that there was an increased risk with patients that had suffered hypoxia during birth. However, there was no relationship between low birth weight and other obstetric complications. Burden of Caregivers of Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorders This study was conducted on 32 problem-oriented interviews with caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorders, they were analyzed using content analysis.The 722 statements even about the burdens that these caregivers had were summarized into 49 global statements. The caregivers di scussed how they felt helplessness when dealing with the ever-changing depressive and manic symptoms of the ill family member they were caring for. Also how they felt they suffered great burden. The findings of this study highlight that an appreciation of caregivers own consternation and information about how best to handle the (uncooperative) behavior of the patient should be taken into account in psycho educational groups as well as in the daily work routine of professionals.Are running(a) Memory Deficits in Bipolar Disorder Markers for Psychosis Doctors have found that many people suffering with bipolar disorder have been identified as having working memory deficits, however, there has been evidence that has linked this problem as being a marker for psychosis rather than affective disorder. When doing the study they looked at two groups with board, one with psychotic features, one without. With this study they were able to conclude that while some aspects of working memory perfo rmance are markers for psychosis, others were more general markers for bipolar disorders.Negative heart Events and Time to Recovery from Episodes of Bipolar Disorder While it is known that negative life events have been shown to cause relapse in patients with bipolar disorder, these doctors were looking at how severe negative life events effect the recovery time of someone with bipolar disorder. They recruited 67 individuals with bipolar disorder during hospitalizing and conducted monthly assessments for at least one year. They were able to find that patients with severe negative life effects took three times longer to recover then patients without negative life situations.Which leads us to live that psychological environment may play a much bigger role in the course of bipolar disorders then previous suggested.

Spin Doctors

Since the first principles Tory was every last(predicate) about the motives and interests of intellectual of the 6th and 5th centuries BC, Sophists were positively included as segment of the intellectual position of the 5th century. The word Sophist means professional cleverness. During the fifth century, sophists were teachers, speakers, and philosophers who were paid to use rhetoric. For the first time In history, philosophy became a job to earn money by sell Intellectual skills. They were spin doctors of that period.There were some famous sophists such as Propagators, Georgia, Hippies, Produces, and Antiphon, among others. They confine their living by selling their Intellectual skills to those who wanted to get a professional c beer and could afford to learn. Sophists offered an expensive private education that poor populate could not get whatever education from them. They taught rhetorical skill clever talk designed to enable their pupils to manipulate popular opinion in th eir favor. Furthermore, Sophists presented themselves as great facilitators of democratic procedures.However, their strength was only to secure advantages for their richness. They tried to cheat the poor while they were taking advantage from the rich. Therefore their deeds were undemocratic under the enigmatic Ideology- anyone has the right to do anything whether they are rich or poor, whether they are high or low birth- which prevailed In 5th- century Athens. Therefore the question came up to be argued that Are the Sophists a good thing or a bad thing? This disagreement has raged more than 150 years. The result changes depend on the prevailing ideology of the modern-day world.The Sophists were generally condemned before 20th century. However, they were recovered from that bad reputation by the effects of Hitler who hold Plats potentially totalitarian political views, in the sass. Many magnanimous thinkers had come to doubt Plato who disagreed with the Sophists point of view, an d to key Sophists as champions of liberalism. This outlook of 1 sass even continues until nowadays. It is encouraged by a naive liberalism which believes that totalitarianism and commonwealth are simple black and white alternatives.However, the time is reached to the right time to reconsider on all the social exclusion, economic disadvantage, and political spin that what Is theoretically democracy and quite undemocratic In reality. Public opinion can be a good gulled to public policy only if the peck are In a position to Judge and can exercise their Judgment freely. Nowadays, sophistry Is one of the methods by which politicians disguise their policies in alien clothing, to make people believe in them as more sealed tan teen really are. I Norte, spin doctors succeed democracy the slogan. L.Test encouragener In the quaternary century BC, when the great Sophists were all dead, Plato wrote more than twenty dialogues which he created a character called Socrates, based on the real Soc rates who had died in BBC. Many of these dialogues describe Socrates as who totally disagreed with the idea of the best Sophists of his day. These Plats imaginary conversations make a range of valid uncertainties about the political and moral principle implication of the activities which relative to the Sophists. Socrates contradictory the idea of Sophists teaching style.He taught people without charge and always prepared to speak his own mind in which what he knows about. He did not care what people melodic bag of him, and he was prepared to die rather than to follow the popularity of the majority vote. He traveled around the country and asked questions about knowledge (is opinion all that matters? ) and ethics (is anyones Judgment as good as anyone elses? . These opened discussions of Socrates emphasize the shallowness and inadequacies in positions usually associated with the Sophists.This issue arises as to whether these norms and conventions are really concealment or not. Mo st people do the things that society tells them to do? The difference between nature and convention emerges all over the literature and political thought of the late 5th century BC. The Greek word for a man-made law or convention was moos and nature law was physics. Many intellectuals of the second one-half of the 5th century in Athens became more desire to know the questions about whether such man-made laws could or should have authority to respect.Where did they draw from their economic value? And were there perhaps other limiting factors or values that were independently and naturally right? Antiphon the Sophist suggested that conventions and laws directly conflict with what is naturally valuable. fellowship does little to make life actually better for those who do act self-righteous. Therefore it was always better to take hold of any opportunities to act below the belt and to steal the advantage.Furthermore, Calicles described about the distinctions between nature and conventi on in the dialogue called Georgia that man-made laws postponed people room doing what they really wanted to do, which was to win as much as they could for themselves, at the expense of everyone else. Indeed worse those conventions were a cruel plot on the part of natures born losers. That was how democracy got freeing the rule by great absolute ruler that would be natural in the cruel world of nature, the world in which the winners win and flourish, and the losers lose and die.Only cowards would allow those ideas set aside from their way of thinking. 2. MAN IS THE MEASURE Propagators was the most famous of the 5th-century Sophist who more favorable Attlee towards convention tan Atlanta Ana Calicles. He was rumors tort sallying Man is the posting of all things. If the word Man implies to human society as a whole, he probably meant that the conventions determined for human beings are the measure of deciding that what counts and what does not count as real the world is as we make it out to be.If the word Man refers as individual man, Propagators meant that each of us is a perceiver looking out at the world, and what we see is up to us it is not fixed by any independent reality. Either way, Propagators appears to say that there is no independent truth about what things exist. In other words the entire world is a construct of people. Nevertheless, even if he was not a committed relativist about the gods, Propagators views on morality seem to have tending towards belief in changeable standards what was right for one society take aim not be right for another.That is the morally unthinkable soon becomes thinkable. Nothing is sacred. 3. THE POWER OF PERSUASION Georgia compared the power of words to the effect of drugs or natural force. Georgia, the great master of rhetorical persuasion, was the most remarkable of the in 5th century Sophists by his speech in defense of Helen of Troy. The speech took an amusing theme but the work has a more serious aim. It explores and illustrates the corrupting power of words. Another work of Georgia was a classic text of early philosophy, typically called On nature or what is not. He proved through the text that rhetoric is so powerful.In the text, he offered an amusing work of philosophy designed to commute nature of things with three conditions (1) that nothing exists, (2) that if something existed, one could have no knowledge of it, and (3) that if nevertheless somebody knew something existed, he could not communicate his knowledge to others. Ill. AND THE SPIN-OFF The Sophists made an amazing final act of pre-Socratic philosophy by asking society to question its reason on existence, its political beliefs, its moral values, its religious beliefs, its educational system, its healthy codes, and its codes of etiquette.Even though Sophists were notorious of their deeds, they enlightened us the ideal democracy that values equality of opportunity. I believe History would have taken notice if the Sophists sys tematically used their power of persuasion to produce unfair results. However, the Sophists provided the tools for the average citizen to defend oneself, to participate in ileitis and to discover what he or she believed to be true. It placed rhetorical education within reach of the average middle class, and even gave some opportunities to us.I agree with the idea that education in rhetorical skills can help to make democratic equality everyone NAS relents to express Nils or near pollens without any pressure and without any manipulation. On the other hand, it can also be harmful to us if we are not aware of the intention of using rhetoric skills to manipulate others. Rhetoric is so powerful that it can persuade us to accept logically to disqualify truth. Today, technology has advanced to the highest degree and continues to do so rapidly.Rhetoric continues to be an influential tool in education, politic and economic field. I can recognize the power that persuasion has on a society and its individuals. I also get sense and find the influence of a good speaker in everyday interactions. In conclusion, I assure that away from the Sophists intentions that rhetoric be used for political and Judicial purposes, it has also entered the society through advertisements, news media, the meshwork and so forth. Even the friendliest conversation contains some element of persuasion to have an agreement.

Indian Ocean Trade Essay

During the time period between 300 CE and 1450 CE the Indian marine Trade was consistent of its open up of goods, religion, and the growth of wad route on a lower floor different empires. On the other hand, the significant changes were the ways of trade, dispersion of religion, and empires controlling the trade route.Economically, the Indian Ocean Trade stayed the same in the way of spreading goods, but changed in the means of trading. Around the fifth light speed CE long- distant trade by land was mostly used. Trade of exotic products for the elite, such as silk, spices, and gems, were spread all throughout the trade electronic network and were incorporated into local markets. This is because there were new markets being built and goods spread. Methods of trade changed for the better. Land travel was no longer the only method of transporting goods. Ships in the thirteenth century could only travel by monsoon winds. With the introduction of maneuverable sails, ships like the d how and junk were able to move goods under many wind conditions. This helped a colossal deal because the people would not have to wait as long for the delivery of trade goods.Culturally, the Indian Ocean Trade was consistent in the spread of religion and ideas, a change was the diffusion of cultures by religion. The Muslims were a prime example of this continuity. They were a big religion, and as their merchants traded, their religion spread as well. On the other hand, Islam is a great example of the change. Islam came into regions that didnt have a big religious base. As people converted, their old culture diffused. From this, regions lost their individualism because people were converting, whether it was by force of new leaders or by choice.Politically, a continuity of the Indian Ocean Trade is growing while under different empires, and a change in which empires controlled the tradenetwork. An example of the continuity would be the Mongols, how they made trade much easier and ma de it grow. Many merchants benefited from the Yuan Dynasty, slightly the fourteenth century. This ties to the change, because from 300 CE to 1450 CE there were different empires, such as, Sui and Tang Dynasty, Swahili States, Mongols, and Islamic Caliphates. The different empires made trade grow and spread. As the empires grew the routes changed, connecting trade routes to the Trans- Sahara, Silk Road, South Asian, and Mediterranean routes.During 300 CE and 1450 CE changes involving the Indian Ocean included how goods were transported, cultures were diffused due to new religions, and the empires that controlled. Trade on the Indian Ocean steadily increased the spread of goods and religion even though it was controlled by different empires.

The Controversies in Home Schooling Education

Public directing has been the predominate form of didactics in the United States for more(prenominal) than decades however, recent statistics demonstrate a rise in the number of situation enlightening participants. On the otherwise hand, the majority of these participants eventually return to earthly concern instruct systems once they reach the high school level. The reasons for this motion are based on the opportunities for cordialization and academic competition provided by unexclusive schools.Public education also provides superior classroom interaction directed by a more qualified faculty. Although pedestal schooling has become an appealing educational alternative, public schools continue to provide better opportunities resulting in a more well rounded citizen. Despite the increasing number of folk schooled schoolchilds due to overprotective parents, public schools continue to poke out the best form of education in our country today. To begin, public schools prov ide a more satisfactory and effective form of education.In home schooling, no competition is attainable to squeeze the shaver to achieve a higher level of education however, public schools offer a school classroom setting in which the bookmans are constantly competing with each other. Many of the fryren attending public school work hard to earn the most efficient grade in the classroom, but a child learning at home probably result not care for his or her grade. What parent would hold in a low grade or even fail their child? Every parent feels that his or her student must obtain the most adequate grade.Next, in public school, a student base receive service of process from several different heap within a classroom. To explain, one may exact another(prenominal) student or the teacher for assistance on an assignment (Hawkins 57). Such a contour of help is not attainable in the anti kind home schooling society. Another vital reasonon for a child to go to public school rather t han home school would be that of the childs outlook on society.William Martin, Director of communications for the National Education Association, the nations largest teachers union explains If, say, a fifth-grader goes through a book at an accelerated pace, Its good for him to see other kids who struggle with the equal material, so when he goes into the work force, he willing know that not eitherone learns at the same pace, (Hawkins 58). Furthermore, a student that is taught at home by parents will grow up acting and thinking the same as the parents do. It is important for a child to find his or her own personality with their own visions and outlooks, not just mimic that of their parents. Public schools offer a plethora of different opinions and views concerning world issues and people.A child that understands that everyone thinks differently is a child who will succeed in the real world. Along with these ideas, one more plausible reason is public schools help to provide for a mo re well rounded citizen. Many participants in the public/home school controversy argue whether or not home schooling impedes the development of kindly skills in a student. In a survey of 115 educators, more than 80 percent believed home schoolers were at a disadvantage in the social development of the child, (Hawkins 57).Activities may be available to home schoolers, such as church activities, sports leagues, and scouting however, home schooling deprives the child of important social experiences. These social experiences create an inspirational part in a students life. Public schoolers have this opportunity with the involvement of school sports, clubs, dances, and other social activities. With out these didactic experiences, a student could result in a socially immature childlike adult. Along with social skills comes the topic of friends or acquaintances.The majority of children under the age of 18 rely on school as the primary source of social interaction. Friends are easily made at public school be micturate of the many opportunities to interact with other students in class, on the bus, or at school functions. be home schooled until third grade, it was hard for me to make friends at a young age. The other children that lived on my bridle-path would often poke fun at and would not play with me. They did not understand why every morning when left for school I would just be waking up or why when they would return home from school I was in the front yard playing with my dog.One of the infinitesimal boys who lived at the end of my street thought that it was cool my mammy was my teacher, but most of the others child were notwithstanding cruel to me. Later when did attend public school for the first time, I remember being so nervous and shy. Bathroom breaks, raising your hand to speak, and walking in a line, all seemed foreign to me. My mom had not covered all the new rules and regulations that accompanied public school. It took a while to get utilize to. Wh ile I did enjoy getting to sleep in and work at my own pace, home school was an experience I will never force on my own children.In another instance, airs arise over the consequences once home schoolers reach the adult working level. Gary Marx, senior associate executive director director at the American Association of School Administrators, comments that while the parents may seem to be saving(a) their children from confronting diversity in thinking, race, economic status and social skills, in the long run, these young people will still have to go into the world. And these kids later will feel deprived, (Hawkins 58). In the real world, business people need the skills to work well with others.Deprived home schoolers will find it difficult to interact in the work place because of their lack of contact with other children during their previous years. These students will find that adapting to a more social atmosphere is difficult at an adult level. In one instance, a girl, Teren Wil liams, was searching for a job. The job for which Teren applied almost did not hire her because they felt that her home school education would cause her social skills to not be strong enough, (Kennedy 50).Teren shows only one example of difficulty faced by home schoolers. Many other instances occur where they overcome problems due to their social standings. A controversial argument has also occurred over the issue of UIL activities in public schools. Many home schoolers, to help advance their social skills, want to go into in these activities. The concerned parents of these students feel that because they pay school taxes, their children have the right to participate in UIL extracurricular activities.However, many public schoolers feel that giving home school students UIL rights would be unethical. Allowing home schoolers to be involved in a public schools UIL program would cause a school regulate to lose money in the long run. Also, a concern that affects public schoolers involv es the no-pass, no-play rules. Grades are really not determined at the home school level therefore, distinguishing a passing or failing home-schooled student would produce a difficult task for a parent.Another reason that home schoolers should not be allowed to participate involves the fact that they do not have the competitive advantage that a public school student is subject to. Through the opportunity of being in school and training at the same time for that UIL activity, public schoolers can create a stronger UIL organization than if a home school student just came to play. For these reasons, most states resist the idea of home schoolers taking courses or participating in extracurricular activities at a public school (Hawkins 58).Many believe that the involvement process for home schoolers would trickster the public school students who actually work hard to achieve their goals in a more social setting. Even though home school is on the rise, public school still provides a more adequate form of education. More over public education advances the ideals of and preserves the democracy in the callowness as it equalizes the opportunities among the different races and classes. In conclusion public school offers an effective form of education that produces comprehensive individuals ready to enter the world.

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3

Unit 9 1. 1 As a prevailry nurse you need to contribute to a programme of age- divert activities designed to stimulate the children you are chokeing with Keep an faithful record of achievement file on your key children Be a pro-active team member, offering remove sanction to your colleagues Liaise with and support parents and other family members Attend ALL off of working hours activities, e. g. training, monthly round stomachings, parents evenings, summer fayre, Christmas party, etc. Be flexible deep d ca using up working practices of the glassho practise.Be prepared to uphold where needed, including domestic jobs inwardly the Nursery, e. g. preparation of snack meals, cleaning equipment etc. Work with the Manager and her team to ensure that the Nurserys philosophy is reflected Record accidents in the accident book. Make sure that parents read and sign the report. Look at the Nursery as a whole, where your help is most needed and how you suffer most effectively meet the needs of the children in your care Make sure that each child is collected by someone known to the Nursery Respect the confidentiality of information received Develop your role within the team, especi entirelyy your role as a key worker Specified Child Care Tasks a. Prepare and give way sex activities that match the childs stage of development b. Make sure that meal times are a time of pleasant social sharing c. Wash and change children as required d. Provide comfort and eagerness to an unhappy or sick child Help to make sure that the environment meets the needs of Nursery children, reflecting their cultures and religious backgrounds, and stages of development Be aware of the high profile of the Nursery and to uphold its standards at all times. . 2 In my role I am expected to support the staff, to be reliable and habitus a good relationship with the children, encouraging them to the best of their ability in their larn, to assist their growth in knowledge and assi st in enhancing their development, so they can grow holistically. To be aware of any irresolute areas that I come across whilst working with the children, for example a child that whitethorn need duplicate support within their numeracy, literacy or phonics time. I am alike expected to deal, to the best of my ability, with challenging aggressive, unrefined or traumatised children.Whilst I may need to do this at times I am in addition aware that the class teacher is there for support. I have had to deal with bad language utilize by a pupil when dealing with the child I explained that the quarrel employ where not words that should be used. I found out why the pupil had said those words and asked what words we could use instead. As well as working with my own class teacher I can be asked at times to go and support another teacher in another class. I am expected to adapt very quickly to the other class and to the lesson there having.My role too convey that I will support the ch ildren so they are confident in their journey though the school. It is cardinal that I conduct myself in the correct manner within the school as children will much mirror others actions. I remain paid at all times and act appropriately. 2. 1 As part of our job role it is important to carry out reflective practice especially because we work with children/young concourse and our effectiveness will have an impact on them and their learning.Reflective practice core intellection about and evaluating what you do and discussing any changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something polarly, what we did well, what we could have done better. How we can improve what you have done. It also means reflecting our own values, beliefs and experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas.This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own behaviour and a better un derstanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions. Improving the quality of our performance Allows us an objective look at our practice in order to improve Helps us to recognise what we do well so that we can apply these skills in other situations Improves professional judgment Helps us to learn from successes and mistakes to enhance development Helps us to plan for future situations and therefore respond more positively to change Enables us to apply the skill of reflection to the personal development cycle Reflective practice allows us to support the children better and better- if we have concerns about how the seance went we can look back and work out what more we could have done. We may have used one resource and found it useful and then choose it again with another child. 2. 3 Everyone has different values, beliefs and preferences.What you believe in, what you see as important and what you see as acceptable or desirable is an substantial part of who you are. The way in which you respond to heap is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is natural to spend time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people you support are another matter.As a professional, you are required to bear the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share your views and beliefs. This may seem unequivocal, but knowing what you need to do and achieving it successfully is not the same thing. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurses duty to provide a full, warm and caring environment where children feel welcomed and loved and are able to learn and develop at their own pace, with guidance and supervision as appropriate, in order that parent may have heartsease of mind to go to work knowing that their childs well-being is paramount.The duties and responsibilities are To listen to parents as experts on their own children, to respect families traditions and childcare practices and to follow parents wishes as closely as possible within the context of caring for children from several different families. To plan and provide activities and resources appropriate to each childs age, stage of development and individual needs and interests with due regard the requirements of the Early Years Foundation comprise (EYFS). To provide a safe environment, both at the child minders property and on outings.To teach children safe practices and to hold a current first aid certificate. To maintain discipline and encourage positive behaviour. To be aware of the signs and symptoms which indicate the possibility of abuse and to be aware of the current procedure for reporting concerns. To provide a varied nutritional menu with due regard to the dietary requirements of each child, parents wishes and the current professional recommendations for childrens diets. To provide a healthy environment and to encourage children to make healthy choices. To liaise with and, where necessary, to sample advice from professionals, with due regard to confidentiality, including preschool leaders, school teachers, health visitor. To adhere to requirements set out by relevant administration such as Ofsted, insurance providers, inland revenue. To comply with relevant legislation such as that coat health and safety, food hygiene, fire or planning requirements and to keep appropriate records with due regard to confidentiality. To meet the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS).A child minder should also love and nurture every child so they grow confident and strong and develop into healthy and caring young people and adults. 4. 1 While at work it helps me when I have an appraisal meeting with the tutor, this is because I can pick out the things I think I do best and the things I dont do as good as I should be doing. This is also useful as the manager will have some points to speak to me about things so then I can use these to help me become a professional nursery practitioner. Its also useful when I light supervised through new things e. when I first got key children I got so much help and supervision through this that it made me become stronger at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are To see what is working and what needs removing or changing To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place.Spending time going through the learning activities and see how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re- shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not endlessly be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. Learners essential understand what the outcomes mean. They must be achievable. We must be able to assess pupils against them.Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or expert for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are fetching longer than expected and you can see t hat the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed.

Puberty Mini Essay

Puberty Mini Essay There be many factors that hit the timing of pubescence. A large factor is genetics, because it ulterior causes the attempt of other factors as well. Its said that maturation and puberty are determined by genetic forces and can be different depending on ethnicity as well. Children in the US seem to mature and hit puberty faster than Asian Americans, while African Americans are ahead of the US. Massimo Mangino, author from the Twin Research Department at Kings, says It is fascinating how common genetic variants fascinate both early puberty and weight gain. With that said obesity is another factor and is becoming an epiphytotic in this country. Obesity can almost guarantee the girl will have an early receive into puberty and can later lead to a higher risk of psychological problems, risk-taking behavior, and even forthcoming breast cancer. But the opposite effect of obesity on pubertal timing may move on in boys. Studies have shown that early maturing boys seem to have a lower rate of obesity when compared with boys with normally or later timed puberty. Another factor is anxiety/ nervous strain.When there is a higher direct of stress on the squirt it tends to prompt the body to send the hypothalamic signal and cause the child to reach puberty at a younger age than normal. Since this sends the child into early puberty, it can affect them with aggression and antisocial behavior as well later on. But on the other stead of this, it can also delay puberty as well it typically relies on the type of stress and the environment of the stress. If the living conditions are poor and there is little food, the stress can lead to a delay of maturation.Early puberty onset for females can be much more damaging than later onset. Females who give-up the ghost puberty early are at higher risk for problems and cancer later in emotional state and usually have a negative body image as well. Earlier puberty onset for males is not as damaging as it is on females though. Sometimes it is seen as a head moolah in some cultures. If the male is strong and larger than his peers he is looked up to. If the male has a later onset of puberty he may have a different appearance than his peers and may be picked one which can cause a negative body image as well.Works Cited Belsky, Janet (2010). Experiencing the Lifespan (2th Ed). rude(a) York Worth Publishers Yuen, F. The Onset of Puberty. http//www. soc. hawaii. edu/leonj/409as98/yuen/famr499. html Walvoord, E. (2010). The Timing of Puberty Is it changing? Does It Matter? Journal of Adolescent Health, 17. (Kings College London, 2010) Researchers discover common genetic variants influence early puberty, body fat. http//www. news-medical. net/news/20101122/Researchers-discover-common-genetic-variants-influence-early-puberty-body-fat. aspx

Breeder’s Own Pet Foods, Inc. Essay

breeders own flatter Foods, Inc. sees a growth opportunity in the retail fire wiener victuals mart for its nutritionally balance, high lumber dog fodder nock stock breeders intermix, which has been tralatitiously sold to the return dog kennel trade. The dog provender consists of 85% fresh meat and 15% high fictional character fortified cereal with no additives or preservatives (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). One of the challenges for stock breeders give birth is breaking into an already saturated market. However, based on recent interest from dog food owners in organic, all natural, preservative free dog foods, breeders avow can capitalize on this market mete emerge with their overlap, breeders Mix. Initially, Breeders Mix would be marketed in the Boston, Massachusettss nation since this area is representative of national averages for pet ownership and expenditures for pet products. Breeder Mix would be distributed to supermarkets since 36% of all dog foods sales co me from supermarkets (Kerin and Peterson, 2013).Problem IdentificationTraditionally, dog food is produced as dry, canned, or treats. Breeders Mix is a nutritionally balanced frozen dog food. Since the food must be located in the frozen section of supermarkets, one marketing strategy provide be to meliorate dog owners to shop for dog food in a non-traditional location. A second challenge will be to convince the target audience that Breeders Mix is a better and fitter product for their pet than the traditional dry or canned food. Since Breeders testify Pet Foods is a relative unknown let out in the retail dog food market, it does not pitch brand equity, meaning it is not recognizable or fountainhead known for having superior quality. pretermit of brand equity presents an additional challenge of convincing a target audience to purchase a unsanded product. Currently, the competition consists of five major companies who dominate the market and account for 75% of all dog foods sal es. in that respect are over 350 dog food brands in the United States produced by about 50 opposite manufacturers (Kerin and Peterson, 2013).With such a saturated market, Breeders birth will need to direct an ravening advertising campaign in order to establish brand recognition. Root Problem ComponentsThe primary showtime problem circumstances is establishing brand recognition. Breeders own will need to accomplish this done creating an identity the public can identify with, pricing strategies, and making the public aware of Breeders Mix high quality ingredients. Once a company had established positive brand equity, it becomes easier to unwrap a new product since consumers will gent that product with a successful brand. Breeders Own needs to evaluate who their target audience is. The majority of consumers do not associate dog food with frozen food. Furthermore, frozen dog food whitethorn not appeal to the average consumer out-of-pocket to the preparation and thawing require ments.An another(prenominal) root problem component would be convincing the supermarkets to give up valuable freezer space to showcase Breeders Mix.SWOT MatrixStrengths Nutritionally balanced, high quality dog food Consists of fresh meat 85% and high quality fortified cereal 15% no additives or preservatives Breeders Mix has been used by show dogs in kennel market and has been recommended by dog show owners for years. Improvement in dogs coat Uncooked to book nutrition and frozen to maintain freshness. Opportunities Opportunity to be the first base to tap into frozen dog food market. Would be the only dog food located in the freezer section, so if you can improve consumers to shop for dog food in the frozen food section, Breeders Own would have a competitive advantage. Opportunity to educate consumers on health benefits for pets by eating nutritionally balanced food. Opportunity to capitalize on growing popularity of agio, higher quality, higher priced dog food. Oppor tunity to lay al-Qaeda for national rollout of Breeders Mix. Weaknesses Lack of avail dexterity in all stores Lack of appeal to consumers delinquent to thawing time / freezer space (convenience) Lack of appeal to supermarkets due freezer location Lack of brand equity in retail market Premium price Threats Store Location Consumer must be educated to find product in different area of store Saturated market sales top 14 million in 2011. Dog food is also heavily advertised, so the challenge is to entice the consumer to buy Breeders Mix. Competition 5 major brand name dog food companies dominate market with 75% of US dog food sales contend to get supermarkets to give up valuable freezer space for dog food Evaluation of AlternativesBreeders Own Pet Foods product development strategy should be evaluated. Currently only 1 out of 10 dog owners regularly buy frozen or refrigerated dog food and of those surveyed express no interest inpurchasing frozen dog food (Kerin and Pete rson, 2013).This indicates that there is a curb market for dog owners who would be interested in a product such as Breeders Mix. Research does suggest however that frozen dog food dollar volume is increase annually indicating there is a strong opportunity for Breeders Own to be the first to tap into the frozen dog food market in the Boston area. Breeders Own Dog Foods needs a strong marketing campaign to convince consumers their brand is superior to traditional dry or canned dog foods. In order to attract customers, Breeders Own should emphasize the hallmark characteristics of its brand such as superior all natural quality ingredients and the ability to produce a luxurious fur coat on the pet. By emphasizing the superior quality, Breeders Own will be able to capitalize on the guilt concept of shouldnt your dog eat as well as you do. Since consumers do not typically associate dog food with frozen food, consumers will need to be educated to shop for dog food in a different location i n the store. This will be a key component in the advertising strategy for both print and electronic media. Offering various coupon promotions would be a way to direct consumers to the freezer isle in order to get a discounted product.The overlook of competition in the freezer section may also draw attention to the product.RecommendationBreeders Own should implement the higher advertising expenditure plan devised by Marketing Momentum Unlimited utilizing both print and boob tube mediums with a few adjustments. Average advertising expenditures in the dog food fabrication is 2% of sales (Kerin and Peterson, 2013). In order for Breeders Own to gain brand equity, it may initially need to spend more in advertising dollars to increase awareness of their unique product. butt end Market The suggested target audience for Breeders Mix should be adjusted to affluent families, singles, and wed couples between the age of 21-54. Due to the view that pets are members of the family, the target audience should be aimed primarily towards plurality who treat their dogs as they would one of their children. The target audience would also be those who spend a world-shattering amount of money on their pets annually and believe the health and welfare of their dog is of highest importance and consequently is willing to spend more to get the best for their pet. Price Point Breeders Mix should be priced competitively compared to other premium brands.Therefore, it is recommended that Breeders Owncharge a premium price for their product to reflect the high quality of the product that the consumer is purchasing. Typically, more affluent families who view their pets as part of the family will be willing to spend more to ensure their pet receives the best. However, the price wind may be too high for the average consumer who buys dog food at the grocery store. dissemination The one advantage to distributing Breeders Mix to grocery stores would be lack of competition for a frozen d og food product. The downside would be the lack of convenience and appeal to the average dog food consumer. The food takes time to prepare due to thawing time and it takes up valuable household freezer space. With the majority of dog owners preferring dry dog food, price and convenience may trump superior quality ingredients. Therefore, instead of distributing Breeders Mix to supermarkets, the distribution should be adjusted to cater to pet distinctive feature stores, pet superstores such as PetSmart and Petco, and veterinarian offices. The distribution could even be expanded to whole food stores who promote healthy lifestyles. The test market should also be expanded beyond Boston to other select cities in order to prepare for a national roll-out of Breeders Mix. publicize Advertising will be a key component to the successful introduction of Breeders Mix.Breeders Own should focus on the benefits of the Breeders Mix Dog Food in comparison to other brands. It is also critical that the advertisements clearly show that Breeders Mix is strand in the freezer section. Initial strategies should acknowledge focusing on product and brand identification. The media plan should include advertising in local newspapers and magazines such as Dog Fancy along with coupon promotions. The television ads should be adjusted to reach the target audience. Rather than advertising during late night timeslots such as during the Late Show with David Letterman, television advertisements should run during family programming, evening news, and channels such as HGTV and Animal orbiter to reach the target audience.Online advertising is also a vital medium for Breeders Own to consider. Internet campaigns have the potential to reach a wider market than television since many people qualifying the channel during a commercial. The Internet and social media is a major source for people to get information.Conclusion By marketing to people who consider dogs as part of the family, Breeders Own can be successful in the retail dog food market. More and more consumers are investing extended time and money into their pets. Breeders Mix offers pet owners the healthy benefits they desire for their dogs as well as noticed improvement in the dogs coat. With the right marketing mix of newspapers, magazines, online advertising, and television, Breeders Own should be able to reach their target audience. They have a unique product in Breeders Mix to offer to the discerning dog owner who wants the best for their pet.ReferencesKerin, R. A., Peterson, R. A. (2013). strategic marketing problems cases and comments (13th ed.). New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall